As quantum computers advance, delving into the heart of quantum physical systems, a research team at the Vienna University of Technology has unveiled a groundbreaking revelation—perfect clocks, essential for reliable quantum computing operations, are fundamentally impossible. This discovery, while posing future challenges for quantum computing, opens doors to a deeper understanding of the intricate nature of time and quantum states.
Quantum computers leverage quantum states, manipulating individual atoms or particles to execute calculations. The precision and reliability of these computations depend on the accuracy of the underlying clock, dictating the timing of quantum operations. However, the research team, led by Marcus Huber and Jake Xuereb from the Atomic Institute at the Vienna University of Technology, uncovered inherent limitations tied to the quality of clocks.
Unlike classical operations, quantum computations involve rotations in higher dimensions. According to Jake Xuereb, “Mathematically speaking, changing a quantum state in a quantum computer corresponds to a rotation in higher dimensions.” Achieving the desired quantum state requires applying a specific rotation for a precise duration. Straying from this temporal Goldilocks zone results in computational errors.
Marcus Huber and the team explored the fundamental laws governing time measurement, emphasizing the role of entropy—a measure of disorder in a closed physical system. Entropy increases with time, defining the direction of time. The study revealed that every time measurement, including those in clocks, contributes to entropy increase. This insight led to the creation of a mathematical model demonstrating an inherent tradeoff between time resolution and precision.
The research implies a natural limitation for quantum computers. The precision and resolution achievable with clocks constrain the speed and reliability of quantum computations. While current quantum computers face limitations from factors such as component precision and electromagnetic fields, the research team predicts that as quantum technology advances, the intrinsic limits of time measurement will become a decisive factor.
Marcus Huber notes, “It’s not a problem at the moment,” acknowledging that current quantum computers are constrained by other factors. However, the team’s calculations suggest that we are nearing the regime where the fundamental limits of time measurement will play a crucial role. As quantum information processing technology evolves, confronting the challenge of non-optimal time measurement may offer valuable insights into the quantum world.
The research not only poses challenges but also presents an opportunity for quantum scientists and engineers to explore novel avenues in understanding and improving quantum computing. As the quest for quantum supremacy continues, the Vienna University of Technology’s research lays the groundwork for navigating the delicate balance between time, precision, and the quantum realm, marking a significant chapter in the evolving narrative of quantum computing.
